{"id":183,"date":"2024-03-07T16:40:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T16:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-motion.ro\/blog\/istoria-nebanuita-a-scaunului-cu-rotile.html"},"modified":"2026-03-24T15:29:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:29:26","slug":"istoria-nebanuita-a-scaunului-cu-rotile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-motion.ro\/blog\/istoria-nebanuita-a-scaunului-cu-rotile.html","title":{"rendered":"Istoria neb\u0103nuit\u0103 a scaunului cu rotile"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nu se cunoa\u0219te cu exactitate c\u00e2nd au fost inventate \u0219i date \u00een folosin\u021b\u0103 persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi primele scaune cu rotile<\/a>. Unii cercet\u0103tori suspecteaz\u0103 c\u0103 istoria scaunului cu rotile \u00eencepe c\u00e2ndva \u00eentre secolele 6 \u0219i 4 \u00ee.Hr, posibil odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea mobilierului cu ro\u021bi \u0219i a carelor cu dou\u0103 ro\u021bi. Cele mai vechi \u00eenregistr\u0103ri ale unui dispozitiv de transport pe ro\u021bi au fost g\u0103site \u00eentr-o sculptur\u0103 de piatr\u0103 din China, \u0219i \u00eentr-o imagine cu un pat de copil pe ro\u021bi de pe o vaz\u0103 greceasc\u0103. Primul scaun cu rotile proiectat special pentru a oferi mobilitate persoanelor care sufereau de dizabilit\u0103\u021bi motorii a fost numit \u201cscaun pentru invalizi\u201d. A fost inventat \u00een 1595 special pentru regele Philip al II-lea al Spaniei. Acesta avea ro\u021bi mici ata\u0219ate de cap\u0103tul picioarelor unui scaun, \u0219i includea o platform\u0103 pentru picioare \u0219i un sp\u0103tar reglabil. Nu putea fi autopropulsat, \u00eens\u0103 cel mai probabil regele avea \u00eentotdeauna servitori care \u00eel transportau de jur \u00eemprejur.<\/p>\n

Prima utilizare a scaunului cu rotile \u00een Europa<\/h2>\n

Se spune c\u0103 scaunele cu rotile ar fi putut intra \u00een Europa \u00een secolul 12. Cu toate astea, prima utilizare \u00eenregistrat\u0103 a scaunelor autopropulsate de c\u0103tre persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi din Europa dateaz\u0103 din secolul al 17-lea.<\/p>\n

La \u00eenceputul acestui secol, mecanicul \u0219i inventatorul german Johann Hautsch a realizat mai multe fotolii rulante \u00een N\u00fcrnberg.<\/p>\n

\u00cen jurul anului 1655, ceasornicarul german Stephan Farffler (despre care se crede c\u0103 ar fi avut paraplegie) a realizat la v\u00e2rsta de 22 de ani un scaun cu trei ro\u021bi, propulsat folosind un m\u00e2ner rotativ montat pe roata din fa\u021b\u0103. Astfel, el a fost prima persoan\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 care a inventat \u0219i a folosit un scaun cu rotile care putea fi propulsat independent. Era un scaun stabil, montat pe un sa\u0219iu cu 3 ro\u021bi, cu m\u00e2nerele ata\u0219ate pe ambele p\u0103r\u021bi ale ro\u021bii din fa\u021b\u0103 \u2013 folosite pentru a propulsa scaunul \u00eenainte.<\/p>\n

\"Scaun<\/p>\n

Stephan Farffler<\/p>\n

A\u0219a numitele \u201cscaune pentru invalizi\u201d mecanice, ale c\u0103ror modele ulterioare au folosit o gam\u0103 de manivele \u0219i dispozitive rotative, au crescut \u00een utilizare la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al 17-lea. Ini\u021bial, au fost concepute ca mijloc de transport pentru cei boga\u021bi.<\/p>\n

\u00cen secolul 18, scaunele cu rotile au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u00een cataloagele cu instrumente chirurgicale \u0219i medicale, unde erau mediatizate ca vehicule de transport pentru pacien\u021bi. Similare \u00een aspect cu fotoliile, acele ma\u0219in\u0103rii din lemn, r\u0103chit\u0103 sau fier, cu ro\u021bi mari \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o roti\u021b\u0103 \u00een spate pentru echilibru \u2013 erau bogat ornamentate, grele \u0219i \u00eempov\u0103r\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen jurul anului 1750, inventatorul englez James Heath a introdus scaunul de baie \u2013 destinat utiliz\u0103rii de c\u0103tre doamne \u0219i invalizi. Scaunul de baie era un mijloc de transport popular, \u00een special \u00een Marea Britanie victorian\u0103, unde servea ca aparat pentru persoanele r\u0103nite, bolnave sau cu dizabilitati dar \u0219i ca mijloc de transport pe post de ri\u0219c\u0103 pentru cei mai boga\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Spre mijlocul secolului 19, au fost introduse scaunele cu rotile cu rame din lemn, scaune \u0219i sp\u0103tare din trestie. Au fost utilizate la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een Statele Unire de c\u0103tre veteranii r\u0103zboiului civil. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului 19, au fost aduse c\u00e2teva modific\u0103ri \u2013 precum rotile cu spi\u021be de s\u00e2rm\u0103 \u0219i anvelopele de cauciuc. Chiar \u0219i cu acest progres, mobilitatea independent\u0103 a majorit\u0103\u021bii scaunelor cu rotile a r\u0103mas limitat\u0103 la mediile de interior.<\/p>\n

Inven\u021biile secolului 21<\/h2>\n

Unul din cele mai importante progrese \u00een tehnologia scaunelor cu rotile din secolul 20 a fost inven\u021bia scaunului cu rotile pliabil, realizat ini\u021bial din o\u021bel tubular \u2013 care a permis persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 acest dispozitiv \u00een afara casei sau a unit\u0103\u021bii de \u00eengrijire.<\/p>\n

Primele modele pliabile au fost dezvoltate \u00een primul deceniu al secolului. Mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een 1932, inginerul minier american Herbert A. Everest \u00eempreun\u0103 cu inginerul mecanic Harry C. Jennings au introdus scaunul cu ram\u0103 \u00eencruci\u0219at\u0103, care a devenit modelul standard de scaun cu rotile pliabil din o\u021bel tubular. Cei doi b\u0103rba\u021bi au format ulterior Everest & Jennings Inc., care a devenit lider \u00een produc\u021bia de scaune cu rotile.<\/p>\n

\"Scaun<\/p>\n

Scaun cu rotile Everest & Jennings<\/p>\n

Dezvolt\u0103rile ulterioare \u00een proiectarea scaunelor cu rotile s-au concentrat \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pe sc\u0103derea greut\u0103\u021bii \u0219i cre\u0219terea fiabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a performan\u021bei. Multe progrese au venit din utilizarea scaunelor cu rotile \u00een sport, ceea ce a venit c\u0103 inspira\u021bie pentru crearea unor modele ultra-u\u0219oare. Printre proiectele experimentale de mare importan\u021b\u0103 s-a num\u0103rat Quickie \u2013 un scaun cu rotile ultra-u\u0219or cu cadru rigid, fabricat \u00een 1979 de Marilyn Hamilton, Jim Okomato \u0219i Don Helman. Quickie era un scaun cu rotile unic at\u00e2t \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te performan\u021bele \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bite, c\u00e2t \u0219i din prisma culorii \u0219i a esteticii.<\/p>\n

\"Marilyn<\/p>\n

Marilyn Hamilton<\/p>\n

\u00cen urma celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, cererea pentru scaune cu rotile electrice a crescut. Modelele electrice timpurii erau \u00een esen\u021b\u0103 scaune cu rotile standard, care aveau un motoare ata\u0219ate. Mai t\u00e2rziu, au fost introduse scaunele cu rotile bazate pe putere \u2013 \u00een care motorul \u0219i bateriile erau pozi\u021bionate sub componenta scaunului.<\/p>\n

Prin separarea componentelor de ac\u021bionare de scaunul propriu-zis, dezvoltatorii de scaune cu rotile au reu\u0219it s\u0103 exploreze noi orizonturi vis-a-vis de ergonomia acestora.<\/p>\n

Finisajele suplimentare ale scaunului cu rotile electrice au inclus \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te microprocesoarele, regulatorii propor\u021bionali \u0219i alte tehnologii de calcul.<\/p>\n

At\u00e2t pentru scaunele cu rotile manuale, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru cele electrice \u2013 secolul 20 a cunoscut \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri esen\u021biale ale designului. Acest lucru a dus la ameliorarea anumitor probleme cum ar fi r\u0103nile cauzate de presiune, \u0219i a venit c\u0103 un sprijin pentru persoanele care sufer\u0103 de anumite afec\u021biuni, precum deform\u0103rile scheletice.<\/p>\n

Progresul f\u0103cut \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te manevrabilitatea, confortul \u0219i fiabilitatea a ajutat persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi s\u0103 participe mai mult la activit\u0103\u021bile sociale.<\/p>\n

Modelele secolului 21<\/h2>\n

\u00cen secolul 21, \u00eencorporarea tehnologiilor emergente a devenit un element din ce \u00een ce mai important al designului scaunelor cu rotile.<\/p>\n

Printre noile modele introduse \u00een prima parte a secolului s-a num\u0103rat scaunul cu rotile cu asistare electric\u0103 PAPAW (Pushrim-Activated Power-Assist Wheelchair). PAPAW era un hibrid de tehnologii electrice \u0219i manuale pentru scaune cu rotile, care folosea motoare pentru a suplimenta puterea aplicat\u0103 de utilizator la una sau la ambele jate \u00een timpul propulsiei sau fr\u00e2n\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nu se cunoa\u0219te cu exactitate c\u00e2nd au fost inventate \u0219i date \u00een folosin\u021b\u0103 persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi primele scaune cu rotile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-imported"],"yoast_head":"\nIstoria nebanuita a scaunului cu rotile | E-motion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Istoria nebanuita a scaunului cu rotile incepe candva intre secolele 6 si 4 i.Hr, posibil odata cu dezvoltarea mobilierului cu roti si a carelor cu doua roti.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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